The Triumph was built in 1999 and isn't covered by the rules, as is the case for most ships among ma

MIAMI (AP) A byzantine maze of maritime rules and regulations, fragmented oversight and a patchwork quilt of nations that do business travel system uk with cruise lines make it tough for consumers to assess the health and safety record of the ship they are about to board in what for many is the vacation of a lifetime.
Want to know about a ship's track record for being clean? Want to assess how sanitary the food is? It's not that easy to find, in part because there's no one entity or country that oversees or regulates travel system uk the industry with its fleet of ships that are like mini cities floating at sea.
In the case of Carnival Cruise Lines, the owner of the Carnival Triumph that spent days in the Gulf of Mexico disabled after an engine fire, the company is incorporated in Panama, its offices are based in Miami and its ships fly under the Bahamian flag a matrix that is not unusual in the cruise line industry.
For potential passengers seeking ship information, there's no central travel system uk database that can be viewed to determine a track record travel system uk of safety or health travel system uk inspections. travel system uk No one agency regulates everything from the cruise line's mechanical worthiness to the sanitation of its kitchens.
The U.S. Coast Guard inspects each cruise ship that docks in the U.S. every year for a range of issues, from operation of backup generators travel system uk to the lifeboats. The U.S. Centers for Disease travel system uk Control and Prevention maintains a database of recent disease outbreaks and other health inspection information for cruise ships. Had Triumph vacationers travel system uk looked up information about the cruise ship through those two agencies before boarding, they would have found mostly clean marks and few red flags.
"This horrible situation involving the Carnival Triumph is just the latest travel system uk example in a long string of serious and troubling incidents involving cruise ships," said Sen. Jay Rockefeller, who led a committee hearing on cruise safety last year.
Last year, after the Costa Concordia, also owned by Miami-based Carnival Corp., ran aground off the coast of Giglio, Italy, Rockefeller held a Commerce Committee hearing to examine deficiencies in the cruise line industry's compliance with federal safety, security, travel system uk and environmental travel system uk standards and review industry regulations.
"As I remarked then, they seem to have two lives: One is at port, where the Coast Guard can monitor their operations; the other is at sea where, it appears once they are beyond three nautical miles from shore, the world is theirs," Rockefeller said in letter he wrote this week to Admiral Robert J. Papp Jr., the commandant of the Coast Guard. "The Carnival Triumph incident only serves to further validate this view."
The Triumph left Galveston, travel system uk Texas, on Feb. 7 for a four-day cruise to Cozumel, Mexico. An engine-room travel system uk fire paralyzed the ship early Sunday, leaving it adrift in the Gulf of Mexico. Passengers described nightmarish conditions on board: overflowing toilets, long lines for a short supply of food, foul odors, and tent cities where vacationers slept on deck. Tugboats slowly towed the 14-story travel system uk vessel to Mobile, Alabama. It arrived there late Thursday.
Before a ship like the Triumph sets sail, it's possible but not easy to find information about past incidents and safety or health issues. The CDC's Vessel Sanitation travel system uk Program is viewable online. The database shows recent disease outbreaks aboard travel system uk cruise ships and how they were addressed.
Records for the Triumph show it was last inspected July 7, 2012. It scored 96 out of 100. The CDC considers scores of 85 or lower unsatisfactory. The lowest travel system uk score the ship received was an 88, in 2009.
The Coast Guard also has a database, known as the U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Information Exchange, with inspections and any deficiencies found aboard ships, dating to when the vessels entered service. A search on the exchange's website for the Triumph turns up its certifications for things like passenger safety and pollution prevention as well as inspections. No violations or red flags are immediately evident. Searching a little deeper, the most recent report shows a propulsion issue from a Jan. 28 incident involving a short in a connection box of one of the ship's generators.
Bud Darr, the Cruise Lines International Association's senior vice president for technical and regulatory affairs, said the industry is "very heavily regulated," from the way ships are designed to how crews train for emergencies. He said standards are set by the United Nations' International Maritime Organization.
But Jim Walker, travel system uk a Miami maritime attorney and author of the www.cruiselaw.com blog, said, "the IMO guidelines are not law and there is no consequence if the cruise lines ignore the guidelines and recommendations. travel system uk Customers have no way of knowing whether they are well maintained safely. There is no federal oversight with real teeth."
Fires though not all as major as the Triumph's happen virtually every year on cruise ships. There were 79 onboard blazes from 1990 to 2011, according to a list compiled by Ross Klein, a professor who specializes in cruise industry issues travel system uk at Memorial University in Newfoundland, Canada.
In 2010, the IMO adopted rules that require any large cruise ship built after July 1 of that year to have a separate, redundant system able to maintain the ship's propulsion, steering and so forth in case one engine is disabled by fire. The rules also mandate that ships be capable of maintaining travel system uk basic services such as sanitation, water, food and lights in such circumstances.
The Triumph was built in 1999 and isn't covered by the rules, as is the case for most ships among major cruise lines. Experts say the Triumph might have been able to limp into port more quickly if it had the newer systems, but retrofitting is costly and time-consuming.
"Provided the emergency generators worked and had enough power, they would have been able to return to port under their own power, but much slower," said Andrew O. Coggins, Jr., a Pace University management professor travel system uk who focuses on hospitality travel system uk and tourism industries.
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